私はマルクスの「資本論」を初めの２０ページくらいで挫折したくちです。マルクス主義なるものについて語る資格はありませんが、マルクスの功績は世界の構造を「国と国」という縦割りではなく、「資本家と労働者」という輪切りにしてみせたことにあるのではと思っています。
だから、世の権力者による弾圧や嫌悪の対象になる。社会主義を標榜する国だって同様です。
先週、久しぶりにドイツ（ベルリンとデュッセルドルフ）へ出かけてきました。写真は旧東ベルリンの中心地にある「マルクス・エンゲルス広場」に立つ（座る）「共産党宣言」の共著者です。
ベルリンの壁崩壊後、東ドイツにあった社会主義ゆかりの地名（たとえば「レーニン通り」とか「コムソモール広場」）はことごとく変更されたものの、マルクスは１９世紀のドイツの思想家。東西ドイツを問わず、堂々と地名になっています。
ただ、ドイツ統一のころ、このどことなくユーモラスな像の下の方にこんな落書きがありました。
万国の労働者よ、ごめんなさい！
有名なフレーズ「万国の労働者よ、団結せよ！」のパロディですが、世界に金融危機が広がっているいま、ドイツではマルクスへの関心が高まっているとか（日本での「蟹工船」ブームに近い？）。
滞在中、下がり続けていた自動車大手フォルクスワーゲンの株価が一気に急騰し、一夜にして世界最高の時価総額を記録しました。同社の株価が底をついたとみた投機家が「買い」に走ったのでしょうか。資本主義云々どころか、競馬や競輪よりずっとプリミティブな博打のように見えます。
そもそも西ドイツの企業には、労使が協調して経営に関与する伝統がありました。「コンセンサス社会」ともよばれた企業文化は英米の株価至上主義とは一線を画していたのですが、１９９０年以降、ドイツ経済は世界の金融市場に深く組み込まれていったようです。その結果、今回の危機の金融機関へのダメージは思った以上に大きく、ドイツ国内の大手銀行は政府に公的資金の申請をしています。
金融危機の影響が比較的軽微なのが旧東ドイツ地域。同地域では、旧東ドイツ政権党の流れを汲む左派党が多いからというわけではありません。ただ、旧の東西を問わず、ドイツの多くの人々は、もともと「金が金を生む」資本主義を疑問視していました。
モノづくりの国の頑固な職人気質にカジノ的な経済は似合わないということでしょう。ドイツ人のそんな面に関心のある方は、ぜひ映画「グッバイ、レーニン！」をご覧下さい。
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